香港海關簡介
時間(TIME)：2021-06-23 15:39:29
香港為中華人民共和國的一個單獨關稅區(qū)，香港海關不受內(nèi)地海關總署的管轄。
Hong Kong is a separate customs territory of the people's Republic of China. The customs of Hong Kong is not under the jurisdiction of the General Administration of Customs of the mainland.
一、香港海關歷史及簡介 History and introduction of the customs and Excise Department
香港海關前身為出入口管理處，成立于1909年，初期主負責保障稅收的工作。1949年出入口管理處與物料供應署、貿(mào)易署及工業(yè)署合并成工商署。1962年成立工商署緝私隊，1977年改稱香港海關，部門首長稱為海關總監(jiān)。1982年8月1日成為獨立的政府部門。香港回歸后，海關總監(jiān)改稱為海關關長，進一步成為香港的主要官員之一，須由行政長官提名，報請中央人民政府任命?，F(xiàn)任香港海關關長為袁銘輝。
The customs and Excise Department, formerly known as the import and export administration office, was established in 1909. At the beginning, it was mainly responsible for tax protection. In 1949, the import and export administration was merged with the supplies department, the trade department and the industry department to form the trade and Industry Department. In 1962, the anti smuggling team of the commerce and Industry Department was established. In 1977, it was renamed the Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department. The head of the Department was called the Commissioner of customs and Excise. It became an independent government department on August 1, 1982. After the reunification of Hong Kong, the Commissioner of customs and Excise was renamed the Commissioner of customs and excise and further became one of the principal officials of Hong Kong. He must be nominated by the chief executive and submitted to the Central People's government for appointment. The current Commissioner of the customs and Excise Department is Yuan Ming Hui.
海關關長除向保安局局長負責外，亦同時向商務及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展局局長和財經(jīng)事務及庫務局局長負責。
In addition to the Secretary for security, the Commissioner is also responsible to the Secretary for commerce and economic development and the Secretary for financial services and the Treasury.
二、主要職責 Main responsibilities
- 進口及出口清關 Import and export customs clearance
- 進口及出口報關 Import and export declaration
- 征稅 Taxation
- 受理牌照及許可證之申請 Accept applications for licenses and permits
- 保障消費者權益及執(zhí)行相關法例 Consumer protection and enforcement
- 保護知識產(chǎn)權工作及執(zhí)行相關法例 Intellectual property protection and enforcement
- 毒品管制 Drug control
三、機構(gòu)設置 Organization setup
截至2009年5月1日，香港海關的編制為5592個職位;其中9個屬首長級職位，4489個為香港海關部隊職位，459為貿(mào)易管制主任職系職位，而一般及共通職系職位則共占635個。 As at 1 May 2009, the establishment of the customs and Excise Department was 5 592 posts; Of these, 9 are at the directorate level, 4489 are in the customs and Excise Service, 459 are in the trade control officer grade, and 635 are in the general and common grades.
香港海關的首長為海關關長，由一名海關副關長協(xié)助處理部門事務， 另五名首長級人員分別掌管轄下五個工作單位。五個工作單位包括：行政及人力資源發(fā)展處（AD分處）、邊境及港口處（BP分處）、稅務及策略支援處（ES分處）、情報及調(diào)查處（II分處），及貿(mào)易管制處。
The head of the customs and Excise Department is the Commissioner of the customs and Excise Department. A Deputy Commissioner of the customs and Excise Department assists in the handling of departmental affairs. Five officers at the directorate level are in charge of the five work units under their jurisdiction. The five working units include: Administration and human resources development division (AD branch), border and port division (BP branch), tax and strategic support division (ES branch), intelligence and Investigation Division (II Branch), and trade control division.
行政及發(fā)展處：負責內(nèi)務行政、財務管理、人力資源管理和行政支援服務等工作。
Administration and Development Division: responsible for internal administration, financial management, human resource management and administrative support services. 邊境及港口處：負責所有關于出入境管制站管制和便利清關職能的事宜、以及負責管轄機場科、陸路邊境口岸科、鐵路及渡輪口岸科、港口及海域科及特別職務隊。 Border and port Division: responsible for all matters relating to the control and facilitation of customs clearance functions at entry-exit control points, as well as the airport section, land border section, railway and ferry port section, port and maritime section and special duty teams.
現(xiàn)時的海關總部和各個科系的辦事處及設施分布在香港不同地點和地區(qū)。這項安排影響海關的行動效率、令人關注保安問題，并對有需要親身使用海關服務的市民造成不便。因此政府在北角渣華道與電照街交界興建新海關總部大樓。新總部樓高34層，提供約28,000平方米的樓面面積，可以容納1,800多名海關人員一同工作。2007年10月動工，預計2010年落成。
At present, the offices and facilities of the customs headquarters and departments are located in different places and regions of Hong Kong. This arrangement affects the operational efficiency of the customs and Excise Department, raises security concerns and causes inconvenience to the public who need to use the customs services themselves. Therefore, a new customs headquarters building will be built at the junction of Java Road and dianzhao street in North Point. The new headquarters is 34 stories high, with a floor area of about 28000 square meters and can accommodate more than 1800 customs officers working together. The project started in October 2007 and is expected to be completed in 2010.
