中美C-TPAT合作
Sino US C-TPAT Cooperation時(shí)間(TIME)：2021-08-01 15:33:20
C-TPAT，全稱“海關(guān)-商界反恐伙伴計(jì)劃”（Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism）是美國在“9·11”之后采取的一系列反恐措施之一，旨在通過加強(qiáng)美國海關(guān)與商界的安全合作，防止恐怖分子利用貨運(yùn)渠道將大規(guī)模殺傷性武器運(yùn)入美國，以保證美國內(nèi)和輸美貨物供應(yīng)鏈的安全。它以通關(guān)便利等一系列優(yōu)惠待遇為條件，要求成員按照美國海關(guān)與邊境保護(hù)局（U.S. Customs and Border Protection，以下簡稱CBP）制定的“最低安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，建立公司內(nèi)部安全控制制度，自主規(guī)避安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然后，CBP根據(jù)達(dá)標(biāo)情況對企業(yè)實(shí)行分類管理，級(jí)別越高表明企業(yè)安全措施越嚴(yán)密，CBP提供的優(yōu)惠待遇也就越高。
2007年6月，美CBP局長巴沙姆率團(tuán)訪華。期間，美方提出愿意在C-TPAT獲得中國政府的正式批準(zhǔn)之前作為臨時(shí)措施與中國海關(guān)聯(lián)合進(jìn)行C-TPAT認(rèn)證（validation），以中國海關(guān)為主，美方提供技術(shù)和培訓(xùn)的建議。在征求外交部、商務(wù)部、公安部和安全部意見后，我署于2007年9月就與美CBP開展C－TPAT認(rèn)證試點(diǎn)合作事報(bào)國務(wù)院并獲批準(zhǔn)。
2007年12月13日-14日，我署與美方在北京就試點(diǎn)問題進(jìn)行了首輪技術(shù)磋商。2008年3月3日，雙方簽署《中美聯(lián)合驗(yàn)證試點(diǎn)合作聲明》。3月17日， 第一次C-TPAT中美聯(lián)合驗(yàn)證試點(diǎn)培訓(xùn)在深圳海關(guān)舉行。第二次中美聯(lián)合驗(yàn)證試點(diǎn)于2008年10月底在深圳-東莞地區(qū)開展，第二次聯(lián)合認(rèn)證試點(diǎn)有16家企業(yè)參與，其中14家通過了此次聯(lián)合驗(yàn)證，2家企業(yè)未能通過。
C-TPAT, fully known as the customs trade partnership against terrorism, is one of a series of anti-terrorism measures taken by the United States after September 11. It aims to prevent terrorists from using Cargo channels to transport weapons of mass destruction into the United States by strengthening the security cooperation between U.S. Customs and business, To ensure the security of the supply chain of goods in and exported to the United States. Based on a series of preferential treatment such as customs clearance convenience, it requires members to establish the company's internal security control system and avoid security risks independently in accordance with the "minimum security standards" formulated by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (hereinafter referred to as CBP). Then, CBP implements classified management for enterprises according to the compliance. The higher the level, the tighter the enterprise's safety measures, and the higher the preferential treatment provided by CBP.
In June 2007, US CBP director Basham led a delegation to visit China. During this period, the US side proposed that it would be willing to conduct C-TPAT certification jointly with the Chinese customs as an interim measure before C-TPAT was officially approved by the Chinese government, focusing on the Chinese customs, and the US side would provide technology and training. After soliciting the opinions of the Ministry of foreign affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of public security and the Ministry of security, our department reported to the State Council for approval in September 2007 on the pilot cooperation of C-TPAT certification with CBP in the United States.
From December 13 to 14, 2007, our department and the United States held the first round of technical consultations on the pilot issue in Beijing. On March 3, 2008, the two sides signed the Sino US joint verification pilot cooperation statement. On March 17, the first C-TPAT Sino US joint verification pilot training was held in Shenzhen customs. The second Sino US joint certification pilot was carried out in Shenzhen Dongguan at the end of October 2008. 16 enterprises participated in the second joint certification pilot, of which 14 passed the joint verification and 2 failed.
